The book offers a critical examination of the social and moral decay observed in the underclass of British society, as seen through the eyes of a physician working in inner-city hospitals and prisons. It delves into the destructive effects of welfare dependency, the erosion of personal responsibility, and the pervasive sense of hopelessness that characterizes the lives of many individuals in these communities. Through a series of essays, the author argues that cultural and ideological factors, rather than purely economic ones, contribute significantly to the perpetuation of poverty and social dysfunction.